CSF Disorders

Diagram of the human brain highlighting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders.

Definition

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders involve abnormal production, flow, or absorption of the fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord. These include hydrocephalus, CSF leaks, and intracranial pressure abnormalities.

Prevalence

CSF disorders affect both adults and children. Hydrocephalus alone impacts roughly 1 in 1,000 people.

Symptoms

  • Headaches

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Vision changes

  • Balance problems

  • Cognitive slowing

  • Clear fluid leakage from the nose or ear (for CSF leaks)

  • Worsening symptoms with standing or straining

Diagnosis

  • MRI or CT of the brain or spine

  • Intracranial pressure monitoring

  • CT/MR myelography for CSF leaks

  • Lumbar puncture for pressure assessment

Treatment Options

  • Surgical CSF diversion (shunts, ETV)

  • Repair of CSF leaks

  • Medication to adjust CSF pressure

  • Observation in mild or intermittent cases