Definition

Brain tumours are abnormal growths of cells within the brain, which may be benign or malignant. They can arise from brain tissue, nerves, or meninges.

Prevalence

Relatively uncommon but can occur at any age. Benign tumours are more frequent than malignant ones.

Symptoms

• Headaches

• Seizures

• Weakness or sensory changes

• Speech or vision difficulties

• Balance problems

• Cognitive changes

• Hormonal abnormalities (for pituitary tumours)

Diagnosis

• MRI with contrast

• CT scan for emergencies

• Biopsy or resection for definitive diagnosis

• Hormonal tests when appropriate

Treatment Options

• Surgical removal when safe and possible

• Radiotherapy, including stereotactic options

• Chemotherapy or targeted agents for specific tumour types

• Observation for small, benign, or asymptomatic tumours

• Long-term follow-up with serial imaging