Definition

Facial pain includes sharp, aching, or burning discomfort anywhere in the face and may be caused by nerve disorders, sinus disease, dental issues, or vascular compression.

Prevalence

Common—can range from sinus-related pain to severe neuralgias.

Symptoms

• Localised or diffuse facial discomfort

• Triggered pain with chewing, touching, or cold air

• Tingling or numbness

• Electric shock-like bursts of pain (neuralgia)

Diagnosis

• Detailed history and physical examination

• MRI to assess nerves, vessels, or tumours

• Dental and sinus evaluations

• Nerve conduction studies in rare cases

Treatment Options

• Anti-inflammatory or neuropathic pain medication

• Physiotherapy for jaw-related pain

• Dental or sinus treatment if indicated

• Nerve blocks or injections

Surgical treatment for neuralgia (e.g., microvascular decompression)