Definition

Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots, usually due to arthritis, disc degeneration, or ligament thickening.

Prevalence

Common in adults over 50 and a major cause of leg pain and walking difficulty.

Symptoms

• Back or neck pain

• Leg pain, numbness, or weakness

• Symptoms that worsen when standing or walking

• Relief when sitting or leaning forward

• Unsteady gait

Diagnosis

• Physical and neurological examination

• MRI (gold standard)

• CT scan or myelogram in select cases

• X-ray for structural assessment

Treatment Options

• Physiotherapy

• Anti-inflammatory medication

• Epidural steroid injections

• Surgery (laminotomy or laminectomy) for persistent or severe symptoms