Definition

Gliomas are primary brain tumours arising from glial cells. They range from slow-growing (low-grade) to highly aggressive (high-grade) forms.

Prevalence

Make up around 25–30% of all brain tumours. Occur in both children and adults.

Symptoms

• Headaches

• Seizures

• Weakness or numbness

• Cognitive or personality changes

• Speech or vision problems

• Balance issues

Diagnosis

• MRI with contrast

• Functional MRI for tumours near critical areas

• Biopsy or surgical resection for grading

• Genetic and molecular testing (IDH, 1p/19q, ATRX)

Treatment Options

• Surgical removal when safe

• Radiotherapy for residual or progressive tumours

• Chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide, PCV)

• Targeted or experimental therapies based on genetics

• Ongoing surveillance with MRI