An anatomical illustration of a person showing the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the back of the leg. The image highlights pain along the nerve pathway, indicating sciatica.

Sciatica

Definition

Sciatica refers to radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, typically caused by nerve root compression in the lower spine.

Prevalence

Affects 10–40% of people at some point. Most common in ages 30–60.

Symptoms

  • Sharp or burning pain from the lower back down the leg

  • Numbness or tingling

  • Difficulty sitting or standing for long periods

  • Weakness in the leg or foot

  • Symptoms usually one-sided

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination

  • MRI to identify nerve compression

  • X-ray or CT if structural issues are suspected

  • EMG in complex cases

Treatment Options

  • Physiotherapy and stretching

  • Anti-inflammatory medications

  • Epidural steroid injections

Surgical decompression for persistent or severe nerve compression