Chiari Malformation

Drawing of a human head with a side view of the brain and spinal cord, highlighting the cerebellum with an arrow.

Definition

Chiari malformation occurs when the lower part of the brain (cerebellar tonsils) extends into the spinal canal, disrupting normal CSF flow.

Prevalence

Seen in 0.1–0.5% of the population. Type I is the most common.

Symptoms

  • Headaches, especially with coughing or straining

  • Neck pain

  • Dizziness

  • Balance issues

  • Tingling in hands or feet

  • Swallowing difficulties

  • Ringing in the ears

Diagnosis

  • MRI of the brain and cervical spine

  • CSF flow studies (cine MRI)

  • Neurological assessment

Treatment Options

  • Observation for mild cases

  • Pain management

  • Posterior fossa decompression surgery to relieve pressure and restore CSF flow