Brain Cancer

Illustration of a human head showing a cross-section of the brain with a tumor labeled 'Brain Cancer' and a close-up of the tumor.

Definition

Brain cancer refers to malignant tumours that arise from brain tissue or spread from other parts of the body. These tumours grow aggressively and can affect neurological function.

Prevalence

Relatively rare, accounting for fewer than 2% of all cancers. More common in adults aged 40–70.

Symptoms

  • Persistent or worsening headaches

  • Seizures

  • Weakness or numbness

  • Speech or vision difficulties

  • Cognitive or personality changes

  • Nausea/vomiting

  • Balance problems

Diagnosis

  • MRI with contrast

  • CT scan if urgent evaluation is needed

  • Biopsy or surgical sampling to identify tumour type

  • Molecular and genetic testing to guide treatment

Treatment Options

  • Surgical removal when possible

  • Radiotherapy (standard or stereotactic)

  • Chemotherapy and targeted therapies

  • Immunotherapy for select tumours

  • Supportive care, seizure control, and rehabilitation