Definition

Nerve root entrapment occurs when a spinal nerve root becomes compressed or irritated as it exits the spine, usually due to disc herniation, arthritis, or narrowing of the spinal canal.

Prevalence

Common in adults over 30. A major cause of radiating arm or leg pain.

Symptoms

• Sharp, shooting pain in the arms or legs

• Numbness or tingling

• Muscle weakness

• Pain worsened by coughing, bending, or sitting

• Reduced reflexes

Diagnosis

• Physical examination focusing on nerve function

• MRI to identify compression

• CT scan if MRI isn't suitable

• EMG/nerve conduction studies in unclear cases

Treatment Options

• Physiotherapy and posture correction

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Epidural steroid injections

• Surgical decompression when symptoms persist or worsen