Definition

A brain haemorrhage is bleeding within the brain tissue or surrounding spaces, usually caused by ruptured vessels due to trauma, high blood pressure, vascular malformations, or aneurysms.

Prevalence

Accounts for 10–20% of all strokes. Risk increases with age, high blood pressure, and certain vascular conditions.

Symptoms

• Sudden severe headache

• Weakness or paralysis

• Difficulty speaking or understanding

• Vision loss

• Nausea/vomiting

• Seizures

• Decreased consciousness

Diagnosis

• Emergency CT scan to confirm bleeding

• MRI for further assessment

• CT or MR angiography to identify underlying vascular causes

• Blood tests and neurological evaluation

Treatment Options

• Stabilisation and blood pressure control

• Reversal of blood thinners

• Surgical evacuation of large or life-threatening haematomas

• Treatment of underlying cause (aneurysm, AVM, etc.)

Intensive care monitoring and rehabilitation