Definition

A spinal cord injury occurs when trauma, compression, or disease damages the spinal cord, resulting in partial or complete loss of movement, sensation, or function below the level of injury.

Prevalence

Relatively uncommon but life-altering. Most cases occur due to accidents, falls, or spinal degeneration.

Symptoms

• Loss of movement or paralysis

• Numbness or reduced sensation

• Loss of bladder or bowel control

• Muscle spasms

• Pain or pressure in the neck or back

• Difficulty breathing (high cervical injuries)

Diagnosis

• CT scan in trauma scenarios

• MRI to assess soft tissue and cord damage

• Neurological examination (ASIA scale)

• Blood tests and monitoring for complications

Treatment Options

• Immediate stabilisation and immobilisation

• Surgery to relieve compression or stabilise the spine

• Intensive rehabilitation and physiotherapy

• Medications for pain, spasticity, and complications

• Long-term management of mobility, bladder, and bowel function