Diagram of a human head showing subarachnoid hemorrhage with bleeding in the brain and blood vessels

Subarachnoid Haemorhage

Definition

A subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, usually from a ruptured aneurysm.

Prevalence

Relatively rare but life-threatening. Peak incidence between ages 40–60.

Symptoms

  • Sudden, explosive “worst headache of life”

  • Neck stiffness

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Sensitivity to light

  • Loss of consciousness

  • Seizures

Diagnosis

  • Emergency CT scan

  • Lumbar puncture if CT is negative but suspicion remains

  • CT/MR angiography

  • Cerebral angiography to identify aneurysm

Treatment Options

  • Securing the aneurysm by coiling or clipping

  • Managing brain swelling and vasospasm

  • Intensive care monitoring

  • Rehabilitation following recovery